Description
AC motors are divided into two categories, synchronous motors and asynchronous motors.
Asynchronous motors are relatively rare in daily life and are relatively large. Single-phase asynchronous motors are often seen on various processing
machines in rural homes and processing machines in ordinary small factories; the power supply used is ordinary 220V mains power, and it can work
and run on 101 live wire. For more subdivided types of single-phase asynchronous motors, the difference is not that big. This type of motor often has two
very large capacitors: starting capacitor and working capacitor.
If these two capacitors are broken, there will be abnormalities during startup or operation.
Polyphase asynchronous motors are often seen in hoisting machinery and large processing machinery; the size of polyphase asynchronous
motors is relatively large among all motor categories, and the power is not low. Most of these motors are equipped with corresponding frequency
converters. When it is powered, it will be connected to three-phase power. Three-phase electricity is commonly used in industry, but not in daily life.
Finally, synchronous motors of AC motors are introduced. The subdivided types of this type of motor will have some shadow in daily life.
Synchronous motors are mainly divided into four categories, brushless DC, permanent magnet synchronous, stepper motor, hysteresis motor,
and reluctance motor. When it comes to brushless DC motors, everyone has seen them; the rear wheels of electric bicycles and electric motorcycles
used daily are a brushless DC synchronous motor. This kind of motor is also called a hub motor, which refers to a motor that is long on the hub of the
wheel. Stepper motors are widely used, mainly because of the step
accuracy of their control, which allows them to be used in high-precision situations. Laser cutting and 3D printing are widely used.
There is also a branched motor type, the permanent magnet synchronous motor. This kind of motor currently has a very popular
application. The expensive hair dryer is a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The permanent magnet synchronous motor combined with excellent
control methods can make the motor”s speed accurately controllable, the noise is very low, and it feels quiet and efficient.
Most synchronous motors are permanent magnet. There are other excitation types, but they are less common.
2. Operating principle of brushless DC/permanent magnet synchronous motor
The reason why the principles of brushless DC and permanent magnet synchronous operation are explained here is
because the difference between the two types is really not big. The similarities and differences will be compared in detail later.
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